MAKRUH TAHRIMI TIMES TO PERFORM A SALAT

Times at which it is makruh tahrimi [1] to perform a salat (daily prayer) are three. They are called “Karahat time”. A salat is not sahih (valid) if it is fard and is started at one of these times. If it is supererogatory, it will be sahih but makruh tahrimi. Supererogatory prayers begun at these times must be stopped and performed later (qada). These three times are the period of sunrise, that of sunset and the period when the sun is at zawal, i. e. at midday. In this sense, the period of sunrise begins when the upper edge of the sun is seen on the horizon and ends when it shines too brightly to be looked at, i. e. , at the time of ishraq; the period of sunset in a dustfree, smogless, clear sky begins when the sun or the places where its light emanates become yellow enough to be looked at, and ends as it sinks (at the horizon). This time is termed isfirar-i-shams. In calculations, the time of ishraq has been taken forward by the addition of Tamkin as a precaution, but the time of isfirar has not been changed.”To perform salat at midday” means that the first or the last rak’a of it is performed at midday. This fact is written in Ibn ’Abidin, and in the annotation of Maraqil-falah, by Tahtawi.

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GLOSSARY
[1] makruh-tahrima: prohibited with much stress.